This appreciation was written by Renzo Gagliardo of the Servizio Civile Internazionale and has been translated from his Italian

 

 

William B Thompson, the English pacifist who organised the first work camps in Italy, died in Leeds on February 12th 2005

 

 

A portrait of William Thompson

 

He had a very handsome face with a sincere smile behind the big beard of an old professor. His clear eyes were watching the horizon, or would look straight into yours with that intelligent look which searched your soul. He had a warm and spontaneous voice, at times thundering, and a laughter which came like an unexpected shower. And a lucid and lively mind ready for an exchange, a discussion in very precise English and in an entirely Anglo-Saxon manner when it came to discussing his destiny in the world.

 

The old pacifist passed away in a hospital bed in his beloved Yorkshire, which he had left so many years ago for Denmark, but which he always carried in his heart. He spent his last hours with Anni, his dearly loved wife, and with the help of the prayer that had followed him through his whole life. His sincere and coherent faith had in his very youth convinced him of the necessity of refusing arms and had made him remain all through his long life a deeply rooted pacifist, “with no ifs or buts” we would say today.

 

Born in England almost 91 years ago William was called up in 1940, when Great Britain had introduced wartime military conscription. Obeying his conscience he gave himself up as an objector and so found himself having to face the severity of the courts, the derision of his friends and the ostracism of his colleagues. After two humiliating trials the genuineness of his choice was recognized so much so that they declared him an Unconditional Objector. Many years later William would say that he was proud of being a citizen of a country that had recognized him as an objector in time of war, “a test of democracy”.

 

Anonymous cowards accused him of being a coward (one of the many notes he had decided to keep having fought with pride and rage is a small card on which is written anonymously: “Cowards die many times before their deaths”). But he showed a great deal of courage: he joined the squadron of volunteers who helped the Londoners during the Blitz, and he saved many lives, every minute risking being swept off by a V2. And he voluntarily submitted himself to all kinds of scientific experiments in order to help identify the cure for diseases of yet mysterious origin.

 

In those years he decided to join the IVSP, the International Volunteer Service for Peace, already then the English branch of the SCI (which later unfortunately was to lose its "P" and become the pedestrian IVS). And it was in this uniform that at the end of the war he said good-bye to parents and friends and, having taken leave from his post as classics teacher at a grammar school, went off as a volunteer for the Reconstruction.

 

Prior to his embarking his colleagues who had by now discovered his courageous and altruistic activities during the war and regretted having unjustly isolated him, arranged a splendid farewell party, and they presented him with the camera they had decided upon to help him preserve the memories of the many things that were going to happen subsequently.

 

 

A Volunteer in Italy

 

Out of the huge devastated war zone he was attracted to Greece, whose language and mythology he knew, but the IVSP decided to send him to work with the refugees and evacuees in Yugoslavia, and he had to make an effort in studying Serbo-Croat. So he came to Italy destined for the Balkans, but he never set foot in those countries. The uncertainties of the period, the lack of means of transport, and the new directives of the IVSP kept him in Italy where he finally set up and directed a reconstruction programme in the hard-hit region of Abruzzo, a project which produced bricks and helped evacuees to return to and rebuild their homes.

 

From this period remain the most powerful recollections of his enterprising and daring undertakings. One of the many episodes he loved telling about concerned a man who had been blown up by a mine and was now in danger of dying from loss of blood. Being short of time and resources William, who had a blood group that made him a universal donor, did not hesitate to carry out a transfusion instantly, under scarcely hygienic conditions, without sterile equipment, and without medical help. The man was saved, and William did not report the slightest infection.

 

Convinced that a peace operation could have nothing to do with arms he constantly refused any military escort or protection. At any time he preferred to risk his life rather than play with his conscience.

 

He was not merely against war. !t was clear that people should take positive steps for peace, not only through reconstruction, but also by building up communal understanding and confidence. And so in 1945 he went to Rome to the University looking for volunteers to establish a work camp at Villafranca, a town on the Adriatic Sea in the Chieti province where the front had left terrible destruction.

 

The involvement of the students was particularly important: Frequenting the university were the children of the Roman middle classes, destined to become the new ruling class. Young men and women growing up in well-off families who had never done any manual work nor known at close quarters the consequences of war.

 

With a lively appeal in the middle of an assembly William enthused his listeners and recruited the members of the first work camp ever held in Italy, two shifts, in November and in December 1945: extremely harsh work under forbidding conditions. The volunteers slept in a derelict house and worked at the removal of tons of rubble, material which they recycled afterwards for other purposes.

 

Both men and women took part in the camp, and they worked together with the British volunteers from the IVSP and peasants from the region. What happened was a totally new experience for the students and for Italy: here were men and women, students, professors and peasants working side by side without distinction of class or gender, making common cause with people who had lost everything and had to start again from scratch.

 

 

The Italian SCI is born

 

Those first volunteers became real enthusiasts in spite of the many hours of hard labour under harsh conditions and with the constant threat of an explosion from mines still scattered everywhere. And it was put to William that they wanted something similar to appear also in Italy.

 

So one day in January 1946 a group of those volunteers gathered in Rome together with William Thompson to decide how to embark on what was to be the Italian branch of the Servizio Civile Internazionale. More than 50 years later William still kept the minutes of that meeting, a crumpled sheet of paper with the names of those first pioneers of the Italian SCI written in pencil.

 

William stayed on in Italy a long time before returning to his country. He took part in various voluntary activities such as the management of the “villaggi del fanciullo” which appeared in Ortona and Lanciano thanks to American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and promoted the founding of the Italian section of the YHA.

 

When he returned to his work as a teacher he nevertheless stayed in regular contact with the IVS for almost all of his long life.

 

 

Return to Italy

 

By the time a good degree of reconstruction of the history of the Italian branch was undertaken they had lost track of this extraordinary personality and forgotten about him so that his name was not mentioned.

 

It is due to Massimo Rubboli that William was traced. Rubboli is another lover of peace, at that time teaching at the university of Florence, today lecturing in the history of the USA in Genova. In his work Rubboli not only carried out his duties, but also did what his heart led him to. And his passion for peace brought him to study the history of voluntary work in the immediate post-war period, so that he made it the subject of close and painstaking research which led him to launch in 1998 an exhibition of photographs: "Reconstruction and reconciliation – the  contribution by foreign volunteers in the reconstruction in the province of Chieti from 1945 to 1948". It included among other things evidence of those first work camps.

 

It was Rubboli who miraculously tracked down the now 84-year-old William Thompson and many of the volunteers from the first work camp. And it was he also who organised the delightful reunion at Francavilla where these people, 50 years later, could meet each other again and give each other a great hug.

 

In those days in the early summer of June 1998 many from the Italian branch of SCI had the pleasure and privilege of meeting William. With his imposing stature he was prominent, moving speedily without regard for his venerable age, still strong and determined. He landed with a heavy case of photos and souvenirs, and his recollections would happily go on till late in the night; there was about him an indomitable enthusiasm.

 

He was very happy to see Rome again and travelled the length and breadth of the city; he even knew how to appreciate some obscure angle of Rome which he could retrace with an incredible certainty just as he had seen it the first time.

 

It was a truly happy visit to the headquarters of the national SCI. He was moved by the idealistic bonds between these young people who now gathered round him attentively and those who so many years earlier had rallied round him to lay the foundation stone of the movement.

 

But most of all he was delighted to return to Francavilla and see again those volunteers, they now also being old, and embrace some of the “peasants”, who in 1945 had lovingly assisted the volunteers. Those moments were moving and unforgettable for us all.

 

The participants in the old camp still remembered the experience as one of the most important in their lives, decisive for their whole human development; so intense had been their participation, so firm the ethical motivation that they had dared leave their books for some weeks and take up pick and shovel. Somebody declared sincerely that the values acquired, grasped and collected thanks to that camp had guided them all through life.

 

After that wonderful return to Italy William never cut the thread of this contact, but continued to write year after year to us all in the still quite steady hand of an English professor, telling of endless changes of which he saw the funny side.

 

 

Annus Mirabilis

 

In his last letter received just a short while before the sad announcement of his death, he wrote about having lived through a marvellous year with Anni at his side. Together they had achieved 160 years – she 70, he 90. In Leeds the Classical Association celebrating its 100th anniversary (only a little older than he himself) had dedicated a lecture to the “Thompson Collection”, an assembly of books and materials given by William to the university. This was for him a most welcome tribute.

 

To tell the truth, all the accounts from those years make you think of a continuous series of memorable years. First of all because he went on enjoying exploring, he kept his enthusiasm for knowledge, and he was still able to wonder and in particular had a great capacity for love. At times in old age cynicism and aridity prevail, but that was certainly not the case with William, whom we have always known to be gentle and attentive.

 

His convictions allied with a deep spirituality never diminished, nor did he in his correspondence neglect to thunder against those responsible for the “avoidable war”; he was particularly embittered at his own country’s participation in new hostilities. William remained a pacifist till his last breath.

 

When he came to visit the national seat of the SCI he expressed the hope that someone might take the history of the branch in hand, adding the details, the photos, the stories, the material that was collected on a shelf in his flat in Leeds. I wonder if we could sometime do him that last favour as the final tribute to an old ‘master of peace’, to whom the Italian SCI perhaps owes its very existence.